Education, girls, disability: HI committed to solve the equation of exclusion

The education of young girls, including girls with disabilities, is an injustice that HI is fighting against. It is also a major development issue in the Sahel Region that comprises many low-income countries.

The reality of girls' education in the Sahel

Very few girls with disabilities go to school in the Sahel. In Mali, less than 18% of women with disabilities can read and write.[1] In Niger and Mali, more than half of the girls enrolled in primary school do not access secondary education. In Burkina Faso, only 1% of girls have completed secondary school.  [2] Being a girl and having a disability represents a double discrimination.

Prejudices and superstitions against disability

Having a child with a disability is seen by families as a "tragedy" or a "punishment": the child will be treated less well, fed less, and cared for less. They will be hidden, locked up because the family will be ashamed. Some may think that disability is contagious.

According to some beliefs, the bodies of people with disabilities have magical properties. Girls with intellectual disabilities are vulnerable to sexual abuse and violence because some believe that having sex with them will bring them wealth or power or cure them of AIDS.

The primacy of boys

A boy is considered to be the future responsible for the family's income. He will be sent to school and will have a better chance of getting a paid job.  A girl will be more likely confined to domestic activities. Sending her to school will be considered useless…

Children with disabilities are very often seen as an additional burden on the family, and girls with disabilities even more so. The costs of educating disabled girls are considered too high, in part because of the economic loss involved. Indeed, girls with disabilities often contribute to the economic survival of the household through begging or by participating in domestic chores.

Girls with disabilities at school: so many obstacles!

When they manage to attend school, girls with disabilities face many obstacles. They often drop out of school early as they approach puberty, due to the family’s concern to protect them from sexual violence and early pregnancy. The lack of adapted toilets is also a cause of repeated absences and abandonment.

"I prefer to study but if my parents force me to marry, I will agree to do what they tell me to do" - Fata, blind 11 year-old girl, Mali

In rural areas, the distance between home and school is a major obstacle to schooling for girls with disabilities. For students who walk to school, long distances pose a safety risk. And the cost of transport is often too high for families.

Positive experiences 

In Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger, experiments in inclusive education for children with sensory impairment are being carried out successfully. The conditions for success are based on a good assessment of the child's needs and the commitment of the teaching staff who are proficient in sign language or Braille.

"The first year was not easy with the learning of Braille. I didn't feel comfortable. But now it's okay. As time went by, I managed to make friends and we learned to understand each other. I would like to go to high school in Senegal and become a lawyer in my country." Daouda, 16 years old, visually impaired, Mali.

Education, a development goal

It is estimated that an additional year of study can increase a woman's income by 20%. If all adults in the world had completed secondary education, the world poverty rate would be halved. [3]

Limited access to education leads to low participation in the world of work. In some low- and middle-income countries, the cost of excluding persons with disabilities from the world of work is as high as 7% of gross domestic product. [4]

Reducing inequalities between girls and boys in access to education could bring between $112 billion and $152 billion each year to low- and middle-income countries. [5]

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HI and inclusive education

In 2020, HI implemented 52 projects in 27 countries in West, Central, North and East Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Its work focuses in particular on children with disabilities - the most vulnerable and excluded young learners in the world - in low-income countries, both in development and emergency contexts. HI aims to increase the school enrolment, participation and success of children and young adults with disabilities in education.